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Helping Strangers Is Lower in Embedded Cultures

Hebrew University of Jerusalem, msarielk{at}mscc.huji.ac.il

Shalom H. Schwartz

Hebrew University of Jerusalem

Robert V. Levine

California State University, Fresno

The embeddedness cultural value orientation regards the extended in-group, not the individual, as the key social unit. Embedded cultures focus on the welfare of the in-group, limiting concern for outsiders’ well-being. Therefore, the authors hypothesized that people in high-embeddedness cultures are less helpful to strangers in need. They related countries’ embeddedness scores to rates of helping strangers in three field experiments across 21 countries. Large cross-national differences in helping strangers related strongly and negatively to cultural embeddedness in subsets of wealthy and developing countries. This suggests that prevailing cultural values affect the way people relate to needy others outside their in-group.

Key Words: values • embeddedness • cultural values • helping • prosocial behavior • culture

This version was published on September 1, 2009

Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, Vol. 40, No. 5, 875-879 (2009)
DOI: 10.1177/0022022109339211


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